Compared to lithium batteries, sodium batteries have significant cost advantages due to their abundant sodium resources. The theoretical pack cost is 30% lower than that of lithium iron phosphate batteries, and their thermal stability is higher. It is expected that through technological iteration, they will achieve price competition with low-cost lithium batteries by 2030. By 2025, CATL's mass-produced battery cells will have an energy density of 175Wh/kg and support 90% energy output in low temperature environments of -40 ℃. The shipment volume of sodium batteries in China in 2023 is 0.7GWh.